He aha ke ʻano kemika no ka graphite?

ʻO ka graphite, ka molecular formula: C, molecular weight: 12.01, he ʻano o ke kalapona element, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēlā me kēia kalapona kalapona e nā ʻātoma kalapona ʻē aʻe ʻekolu (i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o nā hexagons honeycomb) e hana i kahi mole kovalent.No ka mea e hoʻopuka ana kēlā me kēia ʻātoma kalapona i kahi electron, nā mea hiki ke neʻe manuahi, no laila, ʻo ka graphite ke alakaʻi.

ʻO ka graphite kekahi o nā minerala palupalu loa, a ʻo kāna hoʻohana ʻana me ka hana ʻana i nā alakaʻi penikala a me nā lubricants.ʻO ka carbon he mea metala ʻole i loaʻa i ka pūʻulu IVA pōʻai ʻelua o ka papaʻaina.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka graphite ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka graphite he mineral crystalline o nā mea kalapona, a ʻo kāna latike ʻano hexagonal kahi papa hana.ʻO ka mamao ma waena o kēlā me kēia papa mesh he 3.35A, a he 1.42A ka spacing o nā ʻātoma kalapona ma ka papa mesh like.He ʻōnaehana aniani hexagonal me kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana piha.ʻO ka ʻili o ka cleavage ka nui o nā paʻa molekala, ʻaʻole maikaʻi i nā molekala, no laila maikaʻi loa kona lana maoli.

I loko o nā kristal graphite, hoʻokumu nā ʻātoma kalapona i ka papa hoʻokahi i kahi paʻa covalent me ka sp2 hybridization, a ua hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia kalapona kalapona i ʻekolu mau mana ʻē aʻe i loko o ʻekolu mau paʻa covalent.Hoʻokumu nā ʻātoma kalapona ʻeono i apo hoʻomau ʻeono i ka mokulele hoʻokahi, e hoʻonui ana i kahi hale lamella, kahi o ka lōʻihi o ka paʻa o ka paʻa CC he 142pm, aia i loko o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi pili o ka aniani atomika, no laila no ka papa like. , he aniani atomika.Hoʻokahi p orbit nā ʻātoma kalapona ma ka mokulele hoʻokahi, e uhi ana kekahi i kekahi.He manuahi nā electrons, e like me nā electrons manuahi i nā metala, no laila hiki i ka graphite ke hoʻokele i ka wela a me ka uila, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā kristal metala.No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kristal metala.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa waena o ke aniani graphite e 335pm, a nui ka mamao.Hoʻohui ʻia ia me ka ikaika van der Waals, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka papa no ka aniani molekala.Eia naʻe, no ka ikaika loa o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ʻātoma kalapona i ka papa mokulele hoʻokahi a paʻakikī loa e luku ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dissolution point o ka graphite a paʻa kona mau mea kemika.

I ka nānā ʻana i kāna ʻano hoʻopili kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he aniani hoʻokahi a i ʻole polycrystal, ua manaʻo ʻia ka graphite i kēia manawa he aniani hui ʻia.